Sanskrit Pronunciation Guide
• a is pronounced as u in but
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ā is pronounced as a in father
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i is pronounced as i in fin
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ī is pronounced as ee in seed
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u is pronounced as u in should
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ū is pronounced as oo in roof
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ṛ is pronounced as ri in rip
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ṛ ́ is pronounced as ree in reed
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ļ is pronounced as lary in salary
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e is pronounced as ay in pay
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ai is a combination of the letters a and i
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o is pronounced as o in no
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au is a combination of the letter a and u
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k is pronounced as k in kite
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kh is pronounced as ck-h in kick-hard
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g is pronounced as g in goat
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gh is pronounced as g-h in dig-hard
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ń is pronounced as n in song
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c is pronounced as ch in church
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ch is pronounced as ch-h in staunch-heart
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j is pronounced as j in jiffy
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jh is pronounced as dge-h in hedge-hog
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ñ is pronounced as ny in canyon
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ṭ is pronounced as t in hot
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ṭh is pronounced as t-h in hot-house
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ḍ is pronounced as d in road
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ḍh is pronounced as d-h in red-hot
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ṇ is pronounced as na in nut
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t is pronounced as t in hot
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th is pronounced as t-h in hot-house or thick
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d is pronounced as d in road
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dh is pronounced as d-h in red-hot or th in though
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n is pronounced as n in nut
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p is pronounced as p in popcorn
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ph is pronounced as p-h in up-hill (not like f)
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b is pronounced as b in baby
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bh is pronounced as b-h in tub-hot
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m is pronounced as m in mother
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y is pronounced as y in yes
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r is pronounced as r in right
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l is pronounced as l in light
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v is pronounced as v in victory
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ś is pronounced as sh in shut
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ṣ is pronounced as sh in shine
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s is pronounced as s in seven
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h is pronounced as h in heaven
• ḿ is pronounced as n in wrong
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ḥ, for example as in ah,̣ is pronounced as aha |